Comparatives and superlatives (So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất)

Comparatives and superlatives (So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất)

So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất là những loại tính từ đặc biệt được sử dụng khi so sánh hai hoặc nhiều thứ.

So sánh
So sánh

1. So sánh hơn (Comparatives)

a. Short (one-syllable) adjectives – Tính từ ngắn

S + to be + adjective (-er) + than + …

Example: Tom’s house is bigger than Jim’s house.

b. Long (two or more syllable) adjectives/ adverbs – Tính từ/ trạng từ dài 

S + to be + more + adj/ adv + than + …

Example: John is more generous than Jack.

 

2.  So sánh nhất (Superlatives)

a. Short (one-syllable) adjectives – Tính từ ngắn  

S + to be + the adj (-est) + …

Example: Christmas is the busiest time of year.

b. Long (two or more syllable) adjectives – Tính từ/ trạng từ dài

S + to be + the most + adj/ adv + …

Example: English is the most interesting subject.

3. Rules (Nguyên tắc)

a. Irregular adjectives (Một số tính từ bất quy tắc)

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

good

 better best
bad worse

worst

little

 less least

much

 more

most
far further / farther

furthest / farthest

b. Những tính từ ngắn bắt buộc phải dùng ‘more’ or ‘most’ (không dùng ‘er’ or ‘est’)

  • fun → more fun / most fun (NOT funner/ funnest)
  • real → more real / most real (NOT realer/ realest)
  • right → more right / most right (NOT righter/ rightest)
  • wrong → more wrong / most wrong (NOT wronger/ wrongest)

c. Những tính từ ngắn có thể dùng cả ‘er’ – ‘est’ hoặc ‘more’ – ‘most’ 

  • clever → cleverer/ cleverest
  • simple → simpler/ simplest
  • narrow → narrower/ narrowest
  • quiet → quieter/ quietest

d. Những tính từ kết thúc bằng ‘y’ chúng ta có thể thêm ‘er‘ – ‘est’ (y chuyển thành i) hoặc dùng ‘more’ – ‘most’.

  • dirty → dirtier/ dirties
  • pretty → prettier/ prettiest
  • happy → happier/ happiest
  • ugly → uglier/ ugliest

4. Exercise

a. Complete the sentences with comparative and superlative.

  1. My sister thinks she’s _____________ (intelligent) than me, but I don’t agree!
  2. Avatar is probably _____________ (bad) film I’ve seen!
  3. What is _____________ (wet) month of the year in England?
  4. Do you think the Harry Potter films are _____________ (good) than the books?
  5. Who is _____________ (powerful) person in your country?
  6. I think Men in Black 1 was _____________ (funny) than Men in Black 3.
  7. Is Angelina Jolie _____________ (old) than Sandra Bullock?
  8. John is _____________ (nice) person that I know.

b. Find and correct the mistakes.

  1. Cats are the most intelligent than cows.
  2. One of the famousest football players in Vietnam is Nguyen Cong Phuong.      
  3. The living room is biggest than the kitchen one.
  4. No river in the world is the longest than the Nile.
  5. His illness was much serious than we had thought at first.

c. Rewrite the sentences with the given words.

1. His old house is smaller than his new one.

→ (bigger) ____________________________________ .

2. Lisa is the fastest typist in her team.

→ (faster) ____________________________________ .

3. No player plays football as well as Ronaldo.

→ (best) ____________________________________ .

4. The red skirt is more expensive than the black skirt.

→ (cheaper) ____________________________________ .

5. This machine works better than that one.

→ (worse) ____________________________________ .

6. In my opinion, Maths is more difficult than English.

→ (easier) ____________________________________ .

7. Tim works harder than anyone in his class.

→ (hardest) ____________________________________ .

8. The company’s revenue in June is higher compared to the past 3 months.

→ (lower) ____________________________________ .

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